Scientific Satellites and Space Probesa

October 1957 - March 1965

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COSPAR designation Popular name Country Lifetime (launch decay) Experiments Initial orbital elements
Perigree (km) Apogee (km) Period (min) Inclin. (deg)
1957α Sputnik 1 USSR 10/4/57 - early 1/58 Temperatures, pressures 227 947 96.17 65.1
1957β Sputnik 2 USSR 11/3/57 - 4/14/58 Cosmic, UV, & X-radiation, dog 225 1671 103.75 65.3
1958α Explorer 1 USA 2/1/58 Cosmic rays, micrometeoroids 360 2532 114.8 35.34
1958β Vanguard 1 USA 3/17/58 Geodesy, temperature 658 3948 134.29 34.25
1958δ Explorer 3 USA 3/26/58 - 6/28/58 Cosmic rays, micrometeoroids 195 2810 115.87 33.37
1958δ Sputnik 3 USSR 5/15/58 - 4/6/60 Fields & particles, temperature, pressure, etc. 226 1881 105.95 65.2
1958ε Explorer 4 USA 7/26/58 - 10/23/59 Corpuscular radiation 262 2221 110.27 50.29
19582 Pioneer 1 USA 10/11/58 - 10/12/58 Fields & particles, micrometeoroids Reached distance of 113,800 km
19582 Pioneer 2 USA 11/8/58 - 11/8/58 Fields & particles, micrometeoroids Reached distance of 1550 km
19582 Pioneer 3 USA 12/6/58 - 12/7/58 Corpuscular radiation Reached distance of 102,320 km
19592 Lunik 1 USSR 1/2/59 - Fields & particles, micrometeoroids 146.4b 197.2b 450 days 1b
1959α Vanguard 2 USA 2/17/59 - Cloud-cover scan 558 3322 125.85 32.88
19592 Pioneer 4 USA 3/3/59 Corpuscular radiation 147.6b 173.6b 406.9b .127b
1959δ Explorer 6 USA 8/7/59 - before 7/61 Fields & particles, cloud cover, micrometeoroids 251 42,418 ~750 46.9
19592 Lunik 2 USSR 9/12/59 - 9/13/59 Cosmic rays, fields, micrometeoroids Lunar impact
1959η Vanguard 3 USA 9/18/59 - Geomagnetic field 515 3748 130.2 33.3
1959θ Lunik 3 USSR 10/4/59 - 3/60 Lunar photography 40,000c 480,000c ~15 days -
1950ι Explorer 7 USA 10/13/59 - Cosmic, UV, & X-rays, heat balance, etc. 550 1094 101.33 50.3
1960α Pioneer 5 USA 3/11/60 - Corpuscular radiation, fields, micrometeoroids 120.5b 148.5b 311.6 days 3.35b
1960β Tiros 1 USA 4/1/60 Cloud-cover photos 690 750 99.19 48.33
1960γ Transit 1B USA 4/13/60 - Navigation 375 771 96 51
1960ε Sputnik 4 USSR 5/15/60 - 9/5/62 Test life-support systems, temperature 312 369 91.1 65
1960η1 Transit 2A USA 6/22/60 - Navigation 626 1070 101.7 66.7
1960η2 Solar Radiation 1 (Greb) USA 6/22/60 - Solar UV and X-radiation 615 1057 101.5 66.8
1960ι Echo 1 USA 8/12/60 - Passive communications relay 1521 1688 118.3 47.2
1960λ Sputnik 5 USSR 8/19/60 - 8/20/60 Test life-support systems (re-entry) 306 339 90.7 64.95
1960ν Courier 1B USA 10/4/60 - Active communications relay 1521 1688 118.3 47.2
1960ο Explorer 8 USA 11/3/60 - Ionosphere direct measurement 415 2290 112.7 49.9
1960π Tiros 2 USA 11/23/60 - Cloud cover and infrared 623 729 98.37 48.5
1960ρ Sputnik 6 USSR 12/1/60 - 12/2/60 Medical, biological, physics studies 187.3 265 88.47 65
1961β Sputnik 7 USSR 2/4/61 - 2/26/61 Test life-support systems 223.5 327.6 89.8 64.95
1961γ3 Sputnik 8 USSR 2/12/61 - 2/25/61 Launch probe to Venus 6601 6658 89.7 -
1961γ1 Venus Probe USSR 2/12/61 Fields and particles, micrometeoroids 107b 152b 300 days 0.3b
1961δ Explorer 9 USA 2/16/61 - 4/9/64 Atmospheric density 636 2583 118.3 38.63
1961η Transit 3B / Lofti USA 2/22/61 - 3/30/61 Navigation, VLF propagation 188 822 94.5 28.36
1961θ Sputnik 9 USSR 3/9/61 - 3/9/61 Test life-support systems (re-entry) 183.5 247 - 64.93
1961ι Sputnik 10 USSR 3/25/61 - 3/25/61 Test life-support systems (re-entry) 178,1 247 88.4 64.9
1961κ Explorer 10 USA 3/25/61 - 3/25/61 Fields and particles 177 233,000 ~6720 33
1961μ Vostok 1 USSR 4/12/61 - 4/12/61 Manned orbital flight 181 327 89.1 64.95
1961ν Explorer 11 USA 4/27/61 - Gamma radiation 489 1792 108.1 28.8
1961o1 Transit 4A USA 6/29/61 - Navigation 859 1003 103.7 67
1961o2 Injun / SR 3 USA 6/29/61 - Cosmic rays, solar X-ray radiation 859 1020 103.8 67
1961ρ Tiros 3 USA 7/12/61 - Cloud cover and infrared 742 815 100.4 47.8
1961τ Vostok 2 USSR 8/6/61 - 8/7/61 Manned orbital flight 178 257 88.6 64.93
1961υ Explorer 12 USA 8/16/61 - Energetic particles, magnetic fields 284 77,340 ~1585 33
1961φ Ranger 1 USA 8/23/61 - 8/30/61 Spacecraft test, fields and particles 170 503 91.1 32.9
1961χ Explorer 13 USA 8/25/61 - 8/28/61 Micrometeoroids 119 1162 97.5 37.7
1961αα MA-4 USA 9/13/61 - 9/13/61 Mercury orbital test (unmanned) 161 255.3 88.6 32.57
1961αδ2 West Ford USA 10/21/61 - 12/5/61 Long-range communications test 3508 3734 165.76 95.9
1961αη1 Transit 4B USA 11/15/61 - Navigation 937 1127 105.6 32.42
1961αη2 Traac USA 11/15/61 - Attitude control, radiation 905 1159 105.6 32.43
1961αθ Ranger 2 USA 11/18/61 - 11/20/61 Spacecraft test, fields and particles 152.7 234.5 88.3 33.3
1961αι MA-5 USA 11/29/61 - 11/29/61 Mercury orbital test (chimpanzee) 161 255.3 88.6 32.57
1961ακ2 Oscar 1 USA 12/12/61 - 1/31/62 Radio propagation 235 415 91.1 81.2
1962α Ranger 3 USA 1/26/62 - Impact on moon, TV photography & X-ray spectroscopy of lunar surface, rough-land seismometer on moon 147.3b 173.5b 406.439 days .3988b
1962β Tiros 4 USA 2/8/62 - Cloud cover, ice reconnaissance, infrared 708 845 100.4 48.3
1962γ Friendship 7 USA 2/20/62 - 2/20/62 Manned orbital flight 161.04 261.15 88.5 32.54
1962ζ OSO 1 USA 3/7/62 - UV, X-ray, & gamma radiation 552.8 595.2 96.15 32.8
1962θ Cosmos 1 USSR 3/16/62 - 5/25/62 Earth's radiation belts, cosmic rays, solar radiation, cloud distribution 217 980 95.4 49
1962ι Cosmos 2 USSR 4/6/62 - 8/20/63 Cosmic rays, geomagnetic field, cloud distribution, solar radiation, cosmic dust 211 1545 102.25 49
1962μ Ranger 4 USA 4/23/62 - 4/26/62 See Ranger 3 Lunar impact at 7:49:53 a.m. EST 4/26/52 at 12.9° south lunar latitude and 129° south lunar longitude
1962ν Cosmos 3 USSR 4/24/62 - 10/17/62 Cosmos series 229 719 92.5 49.98
1962ο Cosmos 4 USSR 4/26/62 - 4/29/62 Cosmos series (re-entry) 298 330 90.6 65
1962o Ariel USA/UK 4/26/62 - Ionosphere, electron density & temperature, ion composition, solar UV, cosmic rays 389.7 1213.7 100.9 53.87
1962τ Aurora 7 USA 5/24/62 - 5/24/62 Manned orbital flight 160.9 268.5 88.3 32.5
1962ν Cosmos 5 USSR 5/28/62 - 5/2/63 Cosmos series 203 1600 101.5 49.07
1962χ2 Oscar 2 USA 6/2/62 - 6/21/62 Radio propagation 208 386 90.5 74.26
1962αα Tiros 5 USA 6/19/62 - Cloud cover 591 972 100.5 38.1
1962αδ Cosmos 6 USSR 6/30/62 - 8/8/62 Cosmos series 274 360.5 90.1 49
1962αε Telstar USA 7/10/62 - Communications repeater 955 4830.9 157.8 44.79
1962αι Cosmos 7 USSR 7/28/62 - 8/1/62 Cosmos series (re-entry) 201.5 351.1 90.1 65
1962αμ Vostok 3 USSR 8/11/62 - 8/15/62 Manned orbital flight 172.8 220.8 88.13 64.83
1962αν Vostok 4 USSR 8/12/62 - 8/15/62 Manned orbital flight 179 254 88.5 65
1962αο Cosmos 8 USSR 8/18/62 - 8/17/63 Cosmos series 255.4 602.5b 92.9 49
1962αρ Mariner 2 USA 8/27/62 - Venus probed 105.4b 167.1b 345.9 days 1.66b
1962αψ Tiros 6 USA 9/18/62 - Cloud cover 684 711 98.7 58.3
1962αω Cosmos 9 USSR 9/27/62 - 10/1/62 Cosmos series 303 356 90 65
1962βα Alouette USA/Canada 9/29/62 - Topside ionosphere sounder 998 1046 105 80
1962βγ Explorer 14 USA 10/2/62 - Energetic particles, magnetic fields 280.3 98,475 36.4 hours 32.9
1962βδ Sigma 7 USA 10/3/62 - 0/3/62 Manned orbital flight 161 283 88.5 32.56
1962βζ Cosmos 10 USSR 10/17/62 - 10/21/62 Cosmos series 203 335 90.2 65
1962βη Ranger 5 USA 10/18/62 - See Ranger 3 142.1b 159.8b 370.22 .44422b
1962βθ Cosmos 11 USSR 10/20/62 - 5/18/64 Cosmos series 245 920 96.1 45
1962βλ Explorer 15 USA 10/27/62 - Artificial satellite belts 311.7 17,316.5 5.2 18.02
1962βμ Anna 1B USA 10/31/62 - Geodetic measurements 1077 1185 107.920 50.14
1962βν3 Mars 1 USSR 11/1/62 Mars probe, Radio transmission ceased after 106 million kilometers Heliocentric orbit
1962βτ2 Injun 3 USA 12/13/62 - Cosmic rays 235 270 116 70
1962βν Relay 1 USA 12/13/62 Communications repeater 1320 7420 185.09 47.47
1962βχ Explorer 16 USA 12/16/62 Micrometeoroids 750 1180 104.4 52.01
1962βψ Transit 5A USA 12/19/62 - Navigation 705 726 99.2 90.62
1962βω Cosmos 12 USSR 12/22/62 - 12/30/62 Cosmos series 211 405 90.45 65
1963-4A Syncom I USA 2/14/63 Experimental synchronous satellite 34,228 36,974 1426.5 33.51
1963-6A Cosmos XIII USSR 3/21/63 - 3/29/63 Research program in space 204 336 89.77 64.97
1963-8B Lunik IV USSR 4/2/63 Probe towards moon Closest approach to moon 8530 km at 9:24 EST 4/5/63
1963-9A Explorer XVII USA 4/3/63 Measurements of density, pressure, temperature, and composition of the earth's atmosphere 254 963 96.4 57.63
1963-10A Cosmos XIV USSR 4/23/63 - 8/29/63 Cosmos series 265 512 92.1 48.95
1963-11A Cosmos XV USSR 4/22/63 - 4/27/63 Cosmos series 173 371 89.77 65.00
1963-12A Cosmos XVI USSR 4/28/63 - 5/8/63 Cosmos series 207 401 90.4 65.02
1963-13A Telstar II USA 5/7/63 Experimental active repeater communications satellite 971 10,508 221.5 42.7
1963-15A Faith 7 USA 5/15/63 - 5/16/63 Manned orbital flight 161 267 88.74 32.5
1963-17A Cosmos XVII USSR 5/22/63 Cosmos series 260 788 94.82 49.03
1963-18A Cosmos XVIII USSR 5/24/63 - 6/2/63 Cosmos series 209 301 89.44 65.02
1963-20A Vostok V USSR 6/14/63 - 6/19/63 Manned Orbital Flight 181 235 88.4 65
1963-21B Lofti IIA USA 6/15/63 - 7/18/63 Measurement of intensity of VLF signals through the ionosphere 183 723 93.7 69.91
1963-21C Solar Radiation IV USA 6/15/63 - 8/1/63 Measurements of solar ultra-violet and x-radiation 177 772 94.1 69.79
1963-23A Vostok VI USSR 6/16/63 - 6/19/63 Manned orbital flight 183 233 88.3 65
1963-24A Tiros VII USA 6/19/63 Photography of earth's cloud cover; measurement of infrared in various spectral bands 620 646 97.4 58.2
1963-26A Res. Satellite for Geophysics USA 6/28/63 Geophysical research satellite 415 1303 102.1 49.74
1963-31A Syncom II USA 7/26/63 Experimental synchronous communications satellite 35,776 35.780 1435.9 33.1
1963-33A Cosmos XIX USSR 8/6/63 - 3/30/64 Cosmos series 270 519 92.2 49
1963-40B Cosmos XX USSR 10/18/63 - 10/30/63 Cosmos series 206 311 89.55 65
1963-43A Polyot I USSR 11/1/63 Space maneuvers 343 1437 102.4 58.92
1963-44A Cosmos XXI USSR 11/11/63 - 11/14/63 Cosmos series 195 229 88.5 64.83
1963-45A Cosmos XXII USSR 11/16/63 - 11/22/63 Cosmos series 205 394 90.3 64.93
1963-46A Explorer XVIII USA 11/27/63 Measurements of magnetic fields, cosmic rays, and solar winds 192 197,616 5666. 33.34
1963-47A Centaur 2 USA 11/27/63 Engineering test vehicle 570 1682 107.6 30.33
1963-50A Cosmos XXIII USSR 12/13/63 - 3/27/64 Cosmos series 240 613 92.9 49
1963-52A Cosmos XXIV USSR 12/19/63 - 12/28/63 Cosmos series 211 408 90.5 65
1963-53A Explorer XIX USA 12/19/63 Study of atmospheric density 592 2385 115.8 78.60
1963-54A Tiros VIII USA 12/21/63 Photography of earth's cloud cover 702 753 99 53.5
1964-1D Solar Radiation USA 1/11/64 Measurement of solar ultraviolet and x-radiation 909 931 103.4 69.9
1964-3A Relay 2 USA 1/21/64 Active repeater communications satellite, measures radiation damage to solar cells, measures radiation in orbit 2,089 7,413 194.7 46.3
1964-4A Echo 2 USA 1/25/64 Passive communications satellite 1,033 1,313 109 81.5
1964-5A Saturn SA-5 USA 1/29/64 Engineering test vehicle 261 752 94.8 31.44
1964-6A Elecktron 1 USSR 1/30/64 Study inner radiation region 406 7,100 169 61
1964-6B Elecktron 2 USSR 1/30/64 Study inner radiation region 460 68,200 1360 61
1964-7A Ranger 6 USA 1/30/64 - 2/2/64 Lunar impact, photography of lunar surface Impacted on moon at 0924 UT 2 Feb 1964 at 9.4° N lunar latitude and 21.5° E lunar longitude
1964-10A Cosmos 25 USSR 2/27/64 - 11/21/64 Cosmos series 272 526 92.27 49
1964-13A Cosmos 26 USSR 3/18/64 - 9/28/64 Cosmos series 271 403 91 49
1964-14A Cosmos 27 USSR 3/27/64 - 3/28/64 Cosmos series 192 237 88.7 46.8
1964-15A Ariel 2(UK-2) USA/UK 3/27/64 Measure galactic radio noise, vertical distribution of ozone, micrometeoroid flux 290 1357 101.38 51.66
1964-16D Zond 1 USSR 4/2/64 Space probe for developing a system for interplanetaryy flights Heliocentric orbit on trans=Venus trajectory
1964-17A Cosmos 28 USSR 4/4/64 - 4/12/64 Cosmos series 209 395 90.38 65
1964-18A Gemini CT-1 USA 4/8/64 - 4/12/64 Test of unmanned Gemini spacecraft 160 320 89 32.6
1964-19B Polyot 2 USSR 4/12/64 Space maneuvers 310 500 92.4 58.06
1964-21A cosmos 29 USSR 4/25/64 - 5/2/64 Cosmos series 204 309 89.52 65.1
1964-23A Cosmos 30 USSR 5/18/64 - 5/26/64 Cosmos series 207 383 90.24 65.9
1964-25A Saturn SA-6 USA 5/28/64 - 6/1/64 Engineering test vehicle 99 122 88.56 31.8
1964-28A Cosmos 31 USSR 6/6/64 - 10/20/64 Cosmos series 228 508 91.6 49
1964-29A Cosmos 32 USSR 6/10/64 - 6/18/64 Cosmos series 209 333 89.78 51.35
1964-33A Cosmos 33 USSR 6/23/64 - 7/1/64 Cosmos series 209 293 89.38 65
1964-34A Cosmos 34 USSR 7/1/64 - 7/9/64 Cosmos series 205 360 90 65
1964-38A Elecktron 3 USSR 7/10/64 - Study inner radiation region 405 7,040 168 60.9
1964-38B Elecktron 4 USSR 7/10/64 Study outer radiation region 459 66,235 1314 60.9
1964-39A Cosmos 35 USSR 7/15/64 - 7/23/64 Cosmos series 217 268 89.2 51.3
1964-41A Ranger 7 USA 7/28/64 - 7/31/64 Television photography of the lunar surface (4,316 photographs of excellent quality were obtained) Impacted on moon at 1326 UT, 31 July 1964 at 10.7° S lunar latitude, 20.7° N lunar longitude
1964-42A Cosmos 36 USSR 7/30/64 - 2/28/65 Cosmos series 259 503 91.1 49
1964-44A Cosmos 37 USSR 8/14/64 - 9/22/64 Cosmos series 205 300 89.45 65
1964-46A Cosmos 38 USSR 8/18/64 - 11/8/64 Cosmos series 210 876 95.2 56.2
1964-46B Cosmos 39 USSR 8/18/64 - 11/17/64 Cosmos series 210 876 95.2 56.2
1964-46C Cosmos 40 USSR 8/18/64 - 11/18/64 Cosmos series 210 876 95.2 56.2
1964-47A Syncom 3 USA 8/19/64 Synchronous communications satellite 1,130 37,941 692 16.7
1964-49D Cosmos 41 USSR 8/22/64 Cosmos series 394 39,855 715 64
1964-50A Cosmos 42 USSR 8/22/64 Cosmos series 232 1,099 97.8 49
1964-50C Cosmos 43 USSR 8/22/64 Cosmos series 232 1,099 97.8 49
1964-51A Explorer 20 USA 8/25/64 Explore ionospheric irregularities, measure cosmic noise, measure local ion concentration and temperature 866 1,099 103.8 89.9
1964-52A Nimbus 1 USA 8/28/64 Photography of earth's cloud cover, measurements of infrared radiation 422 931 98.3 98.7
1964-53A Cosmos 44 USSR 8/23/64 Cosmos series 618 860 99.5 65
1964-54A OGO-1 USA 9/5/64 Twenty experiments to measure fields, particles, and radiation in space 283 149,420 3839 31.1
1964-55A Cosmos 45 USSR 9/13/64 - 9/18/64 Cosmos series 206 327 89.69 64.9
1964-57A Saturn SA-7 USA 9/18/64 - 9/22/64 Engineering test vehicle 183 228 88.35 31.7
1964-59A Cosmos 46 USSR 9/24/64 - 10/2/64 Cosmos series 215 271 89.2 51.3
1964-60A Explorer 21 (IMP-2) USA 10/4/64 Measurements of magnetic fields, cosmic rays and solar winds 191 95,596 2097 33.5
1964-62A Cosmos 47 USSR 10/6/64 - 10/7/64 Cosmos series 177 413 90 64.6
1964-64A Explorer 22 (BE-2) USA 10/10/64 Study ionosphere, measuer electron density and temperature, geodetic measurements 881 1,088 104.8 79.7
1964-65A Voskhod 1 USSR 10/12/64 - 10/13/64 Manned orbital flight 178 409 90.1 64
1964-66A Cosmos 48 USSR 10/14/64 - 10/20/64 Cosmos series 203 296 89.4 65.1
1964-69A Cosmos 49 USSR 10/24/64 Cosmos series 260 490 91.83 49
1964-70A Cosmos 50 USSR 10/28/64 - 11/5/64 Cosmos series 196 241 88.7 51.3
1964-73A Mariner III USA 11/5/64 Measure radiation, magnetic fields, and micrometeorites in space and near Mars. Photograph Mars and determine characteristics of Martian atmospheric pressure Heliocentric orbit on trans-Mars trajectory
1964-74A Explorer 23 USA 11/6/64 Study micrometeoroids 460 989 99.3 51.95
1964-76A Explorer 24 (AD) USA 1/21/64 Study air density and temperature variations of the upper atmosphere 524 2,497 116.20 81.4
1964-76B Explorer 25 (I-B) USA 1/21/64 Measure particle flux and energy 524 2,492 116.15 81.4
1964-77A Mariner IV USA 11/28/64 Measure radiation, magnetic fields, and micrometeorites in space and near Mars, Photograph Mars and determine characteristics of Martian atmospheric pressure Heliocentric orbit on trans=Mars trajectory
1964-78C Zond 2 USSR 11/30/64 Research in interplanetary space Heliocentric orbit on trans-Mars trajectory
1964-82A Centaur (AC-4) USA 12/11/64 - 12/12/64 Engineering test vehicle 163 171 87.86 30.69
1964-80A Cosmos 51 USSR 12/9/64 Cosmos series 264 554 92.5 48.8
1964-84A San Marco I Italy/USA 12/15/64 Measure air density and investigate ionosphere characteristics 206 821 94.89 37.8
1964-86A Explorer 26 (EPE-D) USA 12/21/64 Study natural and artificial radiation regions 306 26,200 456 20
1965-1A Cosmos 52 USSR 1/11/65 - 1/19/65 Cosmos series 205 304 89.5 65
1965-4A Tiros 9 USA 1/22/65 Photography of earth's cloud cover 740 2580 119 96
1965-6A Cosmos 53 USSR 1/30/65 Cosmos series 227 1192 98.7 48.8
1965-7A OSO 2 USA 2/3/65 Study solar x-rays, gamma rays and ultraviolet radiation 552 632 97 33
1965-9A Pegasus 1 USA 2/16/65 Study micormeteoroids 497 745 97 33
1965-10A Ranger 8 USA 2/17/65 - 2/20/65 Television photography of lunar surface (7,137 photographs of excellent quality were obtained) Impacted on moon at 0958 UT, 20 Feb 1965 at 2.7° N, 24.8° E lunar coordinates
1965-11A Cosmos 54 USSR 2/21/65 Cosmos series 280 1856 106.2 56.1
1965-11B Cosmos 55 USSR 2/21/65 Cosmos series 280 1856 106.2 56.1
1965-11C Cosmos 56 USSR 2/21/65 Cosmos series 280 1856 106.2 56.1
1965-12A Cosmos 57 USSR 2/22/65 - 2/22/65 Cosmos series 175 512 91.1 64.6
1965-14A Cosmos 58 USSR 2/26/65 Cosmos series 581 659 96.8 65
1965-15A Cosmos 59 USSR 3/7/65 Cosmos series 209 339 89.7 65
1965-18A Cosmos 60 USSR 3/12/65 Cosmos series 201 287 89.1 64.6
1965-20A Cosmos 61 USSR 3/15/65 Cosmos series 173 1837 106 56
1965-20B Cosmos 62 USSR 3/15/65 Cosmos series 173 1837 106 56
1965-20C Cosmos 63 USSR 3/15/65 Cosmos series 173 1837 106 56
1965-22A Voskhod 2 USSR 3/18/65 - 3/19/65 Manned orbital flight 173 495 90.9 65
1965-23A Ranger 9 USA 3/21/65 - 3/24/65 Television photography of lunar surface Impacted on moon at 1408 UT, 24 March 1965; at 12.9° S, 2.4° W lunar coordinates
1965-24A Gemini GT-3 USA 3/23/65 - 3/23/65 Manned orbital flight 161 230 88.27 32.6
1965-25A Cosmos 64 USSR 3/25/65 Cosmos series 206 271 89.2 65
a Reprinted by permission of the International Geophysics Bulletin of the National Academy of Sciences
b Orbital elements given as perihelion and aphelion (as millions of kilometers) and inclination to ecliptic
c Varied widely due to lunar and solar perturbations
d Mariner's closest approach to Venus (about 34,700 km) came at 0759 UT, Dec 14, 1962